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From the 5th century B.C the Greeks developed the pilos helmet which derived from the hat of the same name. [17] This helmet was made of bronze in the same shape as the pilos which was presumably sometimes worn under the helmet for comfort, giving rise to the helmet's conical shape. [18]
A kettle hat, also known as a war hat, was a type of combat helmet made of iron or steel in the shape of a brimmed hat. There were many design variations, with the common element being a wide brim that afforded extra protection to the wearer.
Kettle hat: 12th century: Common all over medieval Europe. Morion: 16th and early 17th centuries: Europeans (esp. associated with Spanish Conquistadores) Nasal helmet: Early Middle Ages: Byzantine Empire, later common all over Europe. Pickelhaube [4] [5] 1842: especially by Prussia & German Empire and other Europeans until 1918 Raupenhelm: c ...
Along with the pileus, the petasos was the most common hat worn in Ancient Greece. [4] Its wide brim protected the wearer from the sun and rain while a lengthy strap allowed wearers to secure it under the chin. Its popularity later extended to the Etruscans, the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire, in slightly modified forms. [5]
Dacian prisoner with Phrygian cap, Roman statue from the 2nd century.. The Phrygian cap (/ ˈ f r ɪ dʒ (iː) ən / ⓘ FRIJ-(ee)-ən), also known as Thracian cap [1] [2] [3] and liberty cap, is a soft conical cap with the apex bent over, associated in antiquity with several peoples in Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and Asia.
The use of headgear of any kind by the Byzantine church was a late development, and before the 1500s they wore no headgear. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Theodore Balsamon , Patriarch of Antioch (ca. 1130–1140) stated that the patriarch of Alexandria was the only Orthodox prelate to wear a hat during the liturgy. [ 9 ]
The eleventh book is of interest for ethnographers as it portrays various enemies of the Byzantine Empire, such as the Franks, the Lombards, the Avars, the Turks and the Slavs. The Strategikon also represents and refers to military justice and Byzantine legal literature, since it contains a list of military infractions and their respective ...
By 1143, the entire Byzantine army has been estimated to have numbered about 50,000 men and continued to remain about this size until the end of Manuel's reign. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] The total number of mobile professional and mercenary forces that the emperor could assemble was about 25,000 soldiers while the static garrisons and militias spread ...