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Sheep have a breeding season (tupping) in the autumn, though some can breed year-round. [1] As a result of the influence of humans on sheep breeding, ewes often produce multiple lambs. This increase in lamb births, both in number and birth weight, may cause problems with delivery and lamb survival, requiring the intervention of shepherds. [2]
The Artiodactyla have a cotyledonary placenta. In this form of placenta, the chorionic villi form a number of separate circular structures (cotyledons) which are distributed over the surface of the chorionic sac. Sheep, goats and cattle have between 72 and 125 cotyledons whereas deer have 4-6 larger cotyledons. [1] [2]
Dried human placenta as medicine (ziheche) (紫河车) Although the placenta is revered in many cultures, there is scarce evidence that any customarily eat the placenta after the newborn's birth. [10] Those who advocate placentophagy in humans believe that eating the placenta prevents postpartum depression and other pregnancy complications.
Placental mammals are anatomically distinguished from other mammals by: a sufficiently wide opening at the bottom of the pelvis to allow the birth of a large baby relative to the size of the mother.
The Polypay sheep breed is a white, medium-sized (65 kg), polled sheep which was developed in the 1960s at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station in Dubois, Idaho. [1] In general, Polypay sheep are noted for being a highly prolific maternal dual-purpose (meat and wool) breed. It produces yearly about 4.2 kg of wool and is weaned at 120 days. [2] [3]
At least three companies currently [when?] sell hair or skin treatments which contain extracts of animal placenta. [1] The most common type of placenta used is sheep. The placental extract allegedly serves as a source of protein and hormones, predominantly estrogen and progesterone, in the cosmetics in which it is used.
The placenta may adapt to maternal malnutrition in an effort to support fetal development and protect against adverse nutritional exposures. In pregnant mice, undernutrition and high fat diets have been shown to alter both placental size and structure, including the expression of key transport systems. [ 28 ]
In 2012, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists officially endorsed delaying clamping of the umbilical cord for 30–60 seconds with the newborn held below the level of the placenta in all cases of preterm delivery based largely on evidence that it reduces the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in these children by 50%.