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Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is a bilateral enlargement of the lymph nodes of pulmonary hila. It is a radiographic term for the enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes and is most commonly identified by a chest x-ray .
A Klatskin tumor (or hilar cholangiocarcinoma) is a cholangiocarcinoma (cancer of the biliary tree) occurring at the confluence of the right and left hepatic bile ducts. The disease was named after Gerald Klatskin, who in 1965 described 15 cases and found some characteristics for this type of cholangiocarcinoma. [1] [2] [3]
Several methods of treatment are available, mainly consisting of careful drug therapy and surgery. [5] Glucocorticoids (such as prednisone or methylprednisolone) decrease the inflammatory response to tumor invasion and edema surrounding the tumor. [5] Glucocorticoids are most helpful if the tumor is steroid-responsive, such as lymphomas.
Hilar lymphadenopathy. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy; Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy; Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy: lymphadenopathy associated with skin disease. By malignancy: Benign lymphadenopathy is distinguished from malignant types which mainly refer to lymphomas or lymph node metastasis.
Similarly, the presence of contralateral hilar adenopathy frequently, though not uniformly, includes patients in the limited-disease category. [13] [14] The traditional TNM classification system is preferred over the 2-stage system when surgery is the recommended treatment option. [4]
Many cancer treatment centers review newly diagnosed patients at an inter-disciplinary chest tumor board where radiologists, oncologists, surgeons, pulmonologists, pathologists and EUS specialists (endosonographers) discuss the relative merits of the available modalities and make a choice by consensus.
One of the first visible spots where these tumors metastasize is one of the left supraclavicular lymph node. Virchow's nodes take their supply from lymph vessels in the abdominal cavity , and are therefore sentinel lymph nodes of cancer in the abdomen, particularly gastric cancer , ovarian cancer , testicular cancer and kidney cancer , that has ...
Lymphadenectomies are usually done because many types of cancer have a marked tendency to produce lymph node metastasis early in their natural histories. This is particularly true of melanoma, head and neck cancer, differentiated thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.