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The third and final invasion of the Caucasus by the Mongols took place in 1236. This offensive, which would prove the ruin of Georgia, was preceded by the devastating conflict with Jalal al-Din Mangburni, a refugee shah of Khwarezmia, who had demanded in 1225, that the Georgian government support his war against the Mongols.
Mongol invasion of Europe 1236–1242. Date. 1220s–1240s. Location. Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Central Europe, the Caucasus, and the Balkans. Result. Mongol victory. Numerous European political entities destroyed, subjugated, or raided and forced to pay tribute. Devastation of the populations, cultures, and political structures in most ...
Joint rule (1247-1256) Since the 1220s, the Kingdom of Georgia had to contend with the numerous Mongol invasions of Genghis Khan and his successors, the Ilkhanids. In 1245, the young David VI was recognised as King of Georgia by the Mongol Empire, which offered the same title to his cousin, David VII, in 1248, effectively dividing the Georgian kingdom between the two cousins.
The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206 – 1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history. [4][5]
The Mongol invasions are an early example of gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive bombs. [7] The bombs are known in Chinese as "thunder crash bombs" and were fired from catapults, inflicting damage on enemy soldiers.
A unified Georgia was reestablished by George V of Georgia in 1329, as he reasserted royal control over the western part of Georgia through the astute usage of Mongol forces, and ultimately managed to expel the Mongols from Georgian lands. [22] [2] This coincided with a weakening of the Ilkhanate, which was engulfed in civil war in 1335–1344. [2]
Battle of Khunan. The Battle of Khunan was fought in September 1222 between the Kingdom of Georgia, led by King George IV, and the Mongol army led by Subutai and Jebe. The result was a Mongol victory. For further details, see the Mongol Invasions of Georgia.
Mongol invasions of Durdzuketi. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols launched two long, massive invasions of the territory of modern Chechnya and Ingushetia, which included the lands of Alania in the west, Simsir in the northeast, and the Georgian -allied polity of Durdzuketia in the south. [2][failed verification][3][4] They caused ...