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  2. Cross-validation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_(statistics)

    We then train on d 0 and validate on d 1, followed by training on d 1 and validating on d 0. When k = n (the number of observations), k-fold cross-validation is equivalent to leave-one-out cross-validation. [17] In stratified k-fold cross-validation, the partitions are selected so that the mean response value is approximately equal in all the ...

  3. F-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-test

    The null hypothesis is rejected if the F calculated from the data is greater than the critical value of the F-distribution for some desired false-rejection probability (e.g. 0.05). Since F is a monotone function of the likelihood ratio statistic, the F-test is a likelihood ratio test.

  4. Decision tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree

    For example, using the information-gain function may yield better results than using the phi function. The phi function is known as a measure of “goodness” of a candidate split at a node in the decision tree. The information gain function is known as a measure of the “reduction in entropy”. In the following, we will build two decision ...

  5. Special drawing rights - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_drawing_rights

    The IMF sets the value of the XDR in terms of U.S. dollars every day. The latest U.S. dollar valuation of the XDR is published on the IMF website. [ 76 ] For example, on January 31, 2021, the value was US$1.44080, and on June 22, 2021, the value was US$1.426480.

  6. Microsoft Excel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Excel

    Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, iOS and iPadOS. It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of the Microsoft 365 suite of software.

  7. Planck constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_constant

    Planck was able to calculate the value of from experimental data on black-body radiation: his result, 6.55 × 10 −34 J⋅s, is within 1.2% of the currently defined value. [2] He also made the first determination of the Boltzmann constant k B {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}} from the same data and theory.

  8. Histogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram

    Sturges's formula implicitly bases bin sizes on the range of the data, and can perform poorly if n < 30, because the number of bins will be small—less than seven—and unlikely to show trends in the data well. On the other extreme, Sturges's formula may overestimate bin width for very large datasets, resulting in oversmoothed histograms. [14]

  9. Fibonacci sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci_sequence

    Letting a number be a linear function (other than the sum) of the 2 preceding numbers. The Pell numbers have P n = 2P n−1 + P n−2. If the coefficient of the preceding value is assigned a variable value x, the result is the sequence of Fibonacci polynomials. Not adding the immediately preceding numbers.