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The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing Sputnik 1 into a low Earth orbit. Two versions of the Sputnik were built, the Sputnik-PS (GRAU index 8K71PS), which ...
ICBM test, First launch from LC-31: 4 February 1961, 01:18 Molniya (8K78) L1-7 LC-1/5, Baikonur: Failure Tyazhely Sputnik Venus probe Blok L could not be started due to a power failure 12 February 1961, 00:34 Molniya (8K78) L1-6 LC-1/5, Baikonur: Successful Venera 1: First successful Venus mission 13 February 1961, 04:39 R-7A Semyorka (8K74) I1-3T
Sputnik 1. Sputnik 1 (/ ˈspʌtnɪk, ˈspʊtnɪk /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1) was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc ...
The first small-lift launch vehicle was the Sputnik rocket, launched by the Soviet Union, which was derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik rocket was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing the Sputnik 1 satellite into a low Earth orbit. [3] [4] [5] The US responded by attempting to launch the ...
Project Vanguard. Project Vanguard was a program managed by the United States Navy Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), which intended to launch the first artificial satellite into low Earth orbit using a Vanguard rocket. [1] as the launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. In response to the launch of Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957 ...
A guidance system malfunction pointed the capsule in the wrong direction for the orbit-exiting engine burn, sending it instead into a higher orbit, which decayed approximately four months later. [86] The success of Sputnik 1 was followed by the launch of 175 meteorological rockets in the next two years.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev[a][b][c] (12 January 1907 [O.S. 30 December 1906] – 14 January 1966) was the lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He invented the R-7 Rocket, Sputnik 1, and was involved in the launching of Laika, Sputnik 3, the ...
Comparison of orbital launch systems. Falcon 9 Block 5, the most prolific active orbital launch system in the world. This comparison of orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all current and future individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. A first list contains rockets that are operational or have attempted an orbital ...