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During birth, fontanelles enable the bony plates of the skull to flex, allowing the child's head to pass through the birth canal. The ossification of the bones of the skull causes the anterior fontanelle to close over by 9 to 18 months. [3] The sphenoidal and posterior fontanelles close during the first few months of life.
The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest fontanelle, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge -shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during ...
Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in a young infant's skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), [2] thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull. [3] Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it compensates by growing more in the direction parallel to the ...
Bregma. Superior view of the calvarium, bregma located at the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures. (Lambda also visible at the intersection of the lambdoid suture by the sagittal suture.) The bregma is the anatomical point on the skull at which the coronal suture is intersected perpendicularly by the sagittal suture.
Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also called cleidocranial dysplasia, is a birth defect that mostly affects the bones and teeth. [1] The collarbones are typically either poorly developed or absent, which allows the shoulders to be brought close together. [1] The front of the skull often does not close until later, and those affected are often ...
CDAGS syndrome, also known as CAP syndrome, is a very rare syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis and other cranial defects, delayed closure of the fontanelles, deafness, anal anomalies, genital malformations and skin eruption. [1] CDAGS is caused by heterozygotic compound variants in the RNU12 gene, which disrupts the function of the minor ...
The open portion between the major bones of the upper part of the vault, called fontanelles, normally remain soft up to two years after birth. As the fontanelles close, the vault loses some of its plasticity. The sutures between the bones remain until 30 to 40 years of age, allowing for growth of the brain. Cranial vault size is directly ...
Cranial ultrasound. Cranial ultrasound is a technique for scanning the brain using high-frequency sound waves. It is used almost exclusively in babies because their fontanelle (the soft spot on the skull) provides an "acoustic window". A different form of ultrasound-based brain scanning, transcranial Doppler, can be used in any age group.