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DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation. Transcription and mRNA processing. Molecular structure of RNA. Overview of transcription. Stages of transcription.
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New DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (starter) and synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. During DNA replication, one new strand (the leading strand ) is made as a continuous piece.
Translation (mRNA to protein) Overview of translation. Retroviruses. Differences in translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation.
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Review the structure and replication of DNA, including key concepts and processes involved.
Mode of DNA replication: Meselson-Stahl experiment. Leading and lagging strands in DNA replication. Speed and precision of DNA replication. Molecular mechanism of DNA replication. DNA structure and replication review. Practice. DNA structure and replication. 4 questions.
DNA and chromatin regulation. Regulation of transcription. Cellular specialization (differentiation) Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) Operons and gene regulation in bacteria. Overview: Gene regulation in bacteria. Lac operon. The lac operon. Trp operon. The trp operon. Overview: Eukaryotic gene regulation.
How can pieces of DNA from different sources (such as a human gene and a bacterial plasmid) be joined together to make a single DNA molecule? One common method is based on restriction enzymes and DNA ligase.
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