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  1. Periapical periodontitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periapical_periodontitis

    Periapical periodontitis or apical periodontitis[1] (AP) is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root, most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth. [2] It is a likely outcome of untreated dental caries (tooth decay), and in such cases it can be considered a sequela in the natural history of ...

  2. Premolar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premolar

    The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth. [1][2][3] They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered transitional teeth during ...

  3. Dental abscess - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_abscess

    A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth. The most common type of dental abscess is a periapical abscess, and the second most common is a periodontal abscess. In a periapical abscess, usually the origin is a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth.

  4. Root canal treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_canal_treatment

    Root canal procedure: unhealthy or injured tooth, subsequent creation of an access cavity with a dental handpiece, cleaning and shaping the root canals with an endodontic file, and restoration with gutta-percha filling and a crown. Removing infected pulp during a root canal procedure. Root canal treatment (also known as endodontic therapy ...

  5. Maxillary first premolar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_first_premolar

    In the universal system of notation, the permanent maxillary premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent maxillary first premolar is known as "5", and the left one is known as "12". In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and ...

  6. Periodontal disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease

    Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. [5] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen and red and may bleed. [5] It is considered the main cause of tooth loss for adults worldwide. [7][8] In its more serious form, called periodontitis ...