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  2. Ecological succession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_succession

    Succession after disturbance: a boreal forest one year (left) and two years (right) after a wildfire. Ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time. The process of succession occurs either after the initial colonization of a newly created habitat, or after a disturbance ...

  3. Old-growth forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-growth_forest

    An old-growth forest[a] (also referred to as primary forest) is a forest that has developed over a long period of time without disturbance. Due to this, old-growth forests exhibit unique ecological features. [1] The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations defines primary forests as naturally regenerated forests of native tree ...

  4. Forest dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_dynamics

    Forest succession is the process by which species recover and regenerate after a disturbance. The type of disturbance, the climate and weather conditions, the presence of colonizing species, and the interactions among species all influence the path that succession will take. Species diversity and composition fluctuate throughout succession.

  5. Climax species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_species

    Climax species. An image of ecological succession, starting with pioneer species and ending with an old-growth forest that is dominated by climax species, which is denoted by VIII. Climax species, also called late seral, late-successional, K-selected or equilibrium species, are plant species that can germinate and grow with limited resources; e ...

  6. Climax community - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_community

    Beech (center) and sugar maple (bottom left) dominate the forest due to their towering height and tolerance of shade. In scientific ecology , climax community or climatic climax community is a historic term for a community of plants , animals , and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession in the development of vegetation in an ...

  7. Gap dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_dynamics

    Gap dynamics. Treefall gaps in the Amazon allow sunlight to reach the forest floor. Gap dynamics refers to the pattern of plant growth that occurs following the creation of a forest gap, a local area of natural disturbance that results in an opening in the canopy of a forest. Gap dynamics are a typical characteristic of both temperate and ...

  8. Secondary forest - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_forest

    A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has regenerated through largely natural processes after human-caused disturbances, such as timber harvest or agriculture clearing, or equivalently disruptive natural phenomena. [1] It is distinguished from an old-growth forest (primary or primeval forest), which has ...

  9. Forest stand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_stand

    A forest stand is commonly described as in 10ths or 10%s. Thus a ratio could be given of: 3 Ponderosa pines, 2 mangrove trees, 5 silver spruces. If there was a mixed stand that stand mix could be described as mixed up to 10%, mixed 10–40% and a mixed stand over that amount. [citation needed] The form of mixing of the tree types is commonly ...