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Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), also known as developmental motor coordination disorder, developmental dyspraxia, or simply dyspraxia (from Ancient Greek praxis 'activity'), is a neurodevelopmental disorder [1] characterized by impaired coordination of physical movements as a result of brain messages not being accurately transmitted to the body.
These disorders comprise developmental language disorder, learning disorders, developmental coordination disorders, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). [2] In broader definitions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is included, and the term used is neurodevelopmental disorders. [1]
Motor disorders are malfunctions of the nervous system that cause involuntary or uncontrollable movements or actions of the body. [3] These disorders can cause lack of intended movement or an excess of involuntary movement. [4] Symptoms of motor disorders include tremors, jerks, twitches, spasms, contractions, or gait problems. [citation needed]
The initial accounts of Asperger syndrome [32] and other diagnostic schemes [33] include descriptions of developmental coordination disorder. Children with ASD may be delayed in acquiring motor skills that require motor dexterity, such as bicycle riding or opening a jar, and may appear awkward or "uncomfortable in their own skin".
Minor cases of DAMP are roughly defined as a combination of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and a pervading attention deficit. DAMP is similar to minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), a concept that was formulated in the 1960s, [2] and which has since been recognised as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Both concepts are related to ...
The motor disorders described in the DSM-5 are Developmental Coordination Disorder and Stereotypic Movement Disorder. Developmental Coordination Disorder is a disorder where one's acquisition and ability to perform motor skills is below the level that is normal for someone their age.
According to proponents, sensory-based motor disorder shows motor output that is disorganized as a result of incorrect processing of sensory information affecting postural control challenges, resulting in postural disorder, or developmental coordination disorder. [1] [47] The SBMD subtypes are: Dyspraxia; Postural disorder
Nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD or NLD) is a proposed neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in nonverbal skills, especially visual-spatial processing. People with this condition have normal or advanced verbal intelligence and significantly lower nonverbal intelligence. [ 3 ]