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The food is masticated in the mouth of the parent into a bolus and then transferred to the infant for consumption [3] (some other animals also premasticate). Cattle and some other animals, called ruminants, chew food more than once to extract more nutrients. After the first round of chewing, this food is called cud.
Saliva moistens and softens food, and along with the chewing action of the teeth, transforms the food into a smooth bolus. The bolus is further helped by the lubrication provided by the saliva in its passage from the mouth into the esophagus. Also of importance is the presence in saliva of the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase.
In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food. [1]
Researchers at the 2013 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting and Expo discussed a recent study that shows when subjects chew almonds thoroughly, their body can absorb more of the ...
Open Library is an online project intended to create "one web page for every book ever published". Created by Aaron Swartz, [3] [4] Brewster Kahle, [5] Alexis Rossi, [6] Anand Chitipothu, [6] and Rebecca Hargrave Malamud, [6] Open Library is a project of the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization.
Food is mainly composed of water, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Minerals (e.g., salts) and organic substances (e.g., vitamins) can also be found in food. [4] Plants, algae, and some microorganisms use photosynthesis to make some of their own nutrients. [5] Water is found in many foods and has been defined as food by itself. [6]
Microbes function best in a warm, moist, anaerobic environment with a temperature range of 37.7 to 42.2 °C (99.9 to 108.0 °F) and a pH between 6.0 and 6.4. Without the help of microbes, ruminants would not be able to use nutrients from forages. [22] The food is mixed with saliva and separates into layers of solid and liquid material. [23]
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