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A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. [1] [2] [3] Restriction enzymes are one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes.
A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is a special type of biological macromolecule that functions as part of the "immune system" in bacteria.One special kind of restriction enzymes is the class of "homing endonucleases", these being present in all three domains of life, although their function seems to be very different from one domain to another.
Name of Restriction Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature, [1] [2] and bibliographical references. Note: When alphabetizing, enzymes are first ordered alphabetically by the acronyms (everything before the roman numeral); then enzymes of a given acronym are ordered alphabetically by the ...
Isoschizomers and neoschizomers: An isoschizomer is an enzyme that recognizes the same sequence as another. A neoschizomer is a special type of isoschizomer that recognizes the same sequence as another, but cuts in a different manner. A maximum number of 8-10 most common isoschizomers are indicated for every enzyme but there may be many more.
The restriction modification system (RM system) is found in bacteria and archaea, and provides a defense against foreign DNA, such as that borne by bacteriophages.. Bacteria have restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, which cleave double-stranded DNA at specific points into fragments, which are then degraded further by other endonucleases.
Several databases exist for restriction sites and enzymes, of which the largest noncommercial database is REBASE. [5] [6] Recently, it has been shown that statistically significant nullomers (i.e. short absent motifs which are highly expected to exist) in virus genomes are restriction sites indicating that viruses have probably got rid of these motifs to facilitate invasion of bacterial hosts. [7]
A restriction fragment is a DNA fragment resulting from the cutting of a DNA strand by a restriction enzyme (restriction endonucleases), a process called restriction. [1] Each restriction enzyme is highly specific, recognising a particular short DNA sequence, or restriction site, and cutting both DNA strands at specific points within this site.
List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bsa–Bso; List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bsp–Bss; List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bst–Bv; List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: C–D; List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: E–F; List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: G–K; List of restriction enzyme cutting sites ...