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The stems are red when young and then fade to brown. It blooms between May and June. [9] The flowers are small and not very noticeable, [8] with greenish-pink sepals that turn reddish purple. [10] The round fruits are drupes, 4–6 mm (1 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 4 in) wide, usually black or purplish-black but occasionally red. [11]
In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is a type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pip (UK), pit (US), stone, or pyrena) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. Drupes do not split open to release the seed, i.e., they are indehiscent. [1]
Peanut seeds are contained in indehiscent legume fruit Acacia senegal fruits, in contrast, are dehiscent legume fruit Some, but not all, indehiscent fruits are included in specialized morphological categories such as achene , berry , caryopsis , cypsela , drupe , hesperidium , loment , pepo , pome , samara , syconium .
Other drupe-like fruits with a single seed that lack the stony endocarp include sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides, Elaeagnaceae), which is an achene, surrounded by a swollen hypanthium that provides the fleshy layer. [14] Fruits of Coffea species are described as either drupes or berries. [9]
Sapindus emarginatus drupes in Hyderabad, India Sapindus drummondii, the Western Soapberry: drupes. The number of species is disputed between different authors, particularly in North America where between one and three species are accepted. As of February 2024, Plants of the World Online includes: [11] Sapindus chrysotrichus Gagnep.
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If distinguishing berries and drupes on account of soft core multiple seeds (berry) and hard core single seed (drupe), it suddenly makes sense why an avocado is a drupe and a water melon a berry. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 168.202.31.103 ( talk ) 12:00, 20 June 2013 (UTC) [ reply ]
The fruit, called a "sloe", is a drupe 10–12 millimetres (3 ⁄ 8 – 1 ⁄ 2 in) in diameter, black with a purple-blue waxy bloom, ripening in autumn and traditionally harvested – at least in the UK – in October or November, after the first frosts.