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Finland's journey to a welfare state has been long, from a very modest start. The history of modern medicine in Finland can be considered to have begun at 1640 when the first university of Finland, The Royal Academy of Turku, was established. At the time Finland was a part of the Swedish Empire. As the field of medicine did not enjoy very high ...
In Finland, it is required that employers offer healthcare services to their workers. [5] Organised and comprehensive disease prevention and health promotion is one of the key factors for a well-functioning system and the health outcomes are good. Finland has high-quality specialised medical care, which is usually provided at hospitals.
There is a separate reimbursement system for prescribed medicine: after paying €578 per year, the remaining bought medicine will have a maximum price of €2.50 per purchase. [69] Finland has a highly decentralized three-level public system of health care and alongside this, a much smaller private health care system. [70]
[22] [23] Like most countries, France faces problems of rising costs of prescription medication, increasing unemployment, and a large aging population. [24] Expenses related to the healthcare system in France represented 10.5% of the country's GDP and 15.4% of its public expenditures. In 2004, 78.4% of these expenses were paid for by the state ...
Some for-profit clinics exist, but they provide less than 2% of health services. Health care is very variable through the country. The major urban centres are well served, but rural areas often have no modern health care. Patients in these areas either rely on traditional medicine or travel great distances for care.
William Osler (1849–1919) — "father of modern medicine" Ralph Paffenbarger (1922–2007) — conducted classic studies demonstrating conclusively that active people reduce their risk of heart disease and live longer; George Papanicolaou (1883–1962) — Greek pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection; inventor of the Pap smear
Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles – Brussels (1834) [6] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel – Brussels (1834) [7] Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp – Antwerp (1972) [8] Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University – Hasselt (1971) [9]
In the 18th century, when the French (1789–1799) and the American (1775–1783) revolutions inaugurated the Modern era those events also established a meta-narrative of scientific discourse that presented scientists as sages—specifically, the medical doctors—who would abolish sickness and resolve the problems of humanity. By that cultural ...