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In males, gonadarche is responsible for testicular enlargement and virilization. [4] In females, gonadarche is responsible for thelarche and menarche (first menstruation). [4] Gonadarche should be contrasted with adrenarche. Gonadarche indicates that true central puberty has begun, while adrenarche is an independent maturational process only ...
Adrenarche is an early stage in sexual maturation that happens in some higher primates (including humans), typically peaks at around 20 years of age, [1] [2] and is involved in the development of pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, axillary hair, sexual attraction/sexual desire/increased libido and mild acne.
Premature adrenarche, [11] as indicated by elevated levels of steroids that are naturally produced by the body (e.g., DHEAS), is the most common cause of premature pubarche. Premature pubarche is linked to adrenarcheal androgen levels with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) of 40–130 ųg/dL. [12]
The age of thelarche has been decreasing in the past few decades. Between 1973 and 2013, the age of thelarche decreased at a rate of 0.24 years per decade. [9] Other contemporary trends that may be contributing to this change in the onset of thelarche include increasing BMI, changes in pubertal timing, and environmental exposures.
The activation of the HPG axis in both males and females during puberty also causes individuals to acquire secondary sex characteristics. This process, known as gonadarche, is preceded by adrenarche, the maturation of the adrenal glands, which contributes to the production of androgens responsible for some pubertal changes. [19]
Classically, symptoms of hair loss in men include a receding hairline (particularly over the temples, creating a characteristic “M” shape) and signs of balding at the top of the head, referred ...
Spermarche, also known as semenarche, is the time at which a male experiences his first ejaculation. [1] It is considered to be the counterpart of menarche in females. [2] [3] Depending on upbringing, cultural differences, and prior sexual knowledge, males may have different reactions to spermarche, ranging from fear to excitement. [4]
Short stature, delayed growth in height and weight, and/or delayed menarche may be the only clinical manifestations of celiac disease, in absence of any other symptoms. [ 19 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] According to a review article, there may also be an association between early age at menarche and breast cancer risk.