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Following the 2009 election protests, Iran ratified the Computer Crimes Law (CCL) in 2010. [30] The CCL established legal regulations for internet censorship. Notable provisions of the CCL include the following: Article 10, which effectively prohibits internet users and companies from using encryption or protecting data in a manner that would "deny access of authorized individuals to data ...
VPN blocking is a technique used to block the encrypted protocol tunneling communications methods used by virtual private network (VPN) systems. Often used by large organizations such as national governments or corporations, it can act as a tool for computer security or Internet censorship by preventing the use of VPNs to bypass network ...
Lantern (software) Lantern is a free [a] internet censorship circumvention tool that operates in some of the most extreme censorship environments, such as China, Iran, and Russia. [5] It uses wide variety of protocols and techniques that obfuscate network traffic and/or co-mingle traffic with protocols censors are reluctant to block.
Detailed country by country information on Internet censorship and surveillance is provided in the Freedom on the Net reports from Freedom House, by the OpenNet Initiative, by Reporters Without Borders, and in the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices from the U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
Internet censorship circumvention. Internet censorship circumvention, also referred to as going over the wall (Chinese: 翻墙; pinyin: fān qiáng) [1][2] or scientific browsing (Chinese: 科学上网; pinyin: kēxué shàngwǎng) [3] in China, is the use of various methods and tools to bypass internet censorship. There are many different ...
This means that the server address of the VPN has to be known to every user, making it easier to block. [3] For instance, at the beginning of October 2022, during internet disruptions related to the Mahsa Amini protests , VPNs in Iran would drop connections every few minutes. [ 21 ]
Internet Protocol (IP) address blocking: Access to a certain IP address is denied. If the target Web site is hosted in a shared hosting server , all websites on the same server will be blocked. This affects IP-based protocols such as HTTP , FTP and POP .
Censorship in Iran is not just an act by an individual. It is a process that involves interaction and negotiation. The complexity and ambiguity of the system stimulate self-censorship and create a culture of censorship. [25] However, not everything is negotiable. Criticism of the Supreme Leader, for example, is strictly prohibited.