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Allotropes of phosphorus. White phosphorus (left), red phosphorus (center left and center right), and violet phosphorus (right) White phosphorus and resulting allotropes. Elemental phosphorus can exist in several allotropes, the most common of which are white and red solids. Solid violet and black allotropes are also known.
Phosphorus has several allotropes that exhibit strikingly diverse properties. [10] The two most common allotropes are white phosphorus and red phosphorus. [11] For both pure and applied uses, the most important allotrope is white phosphorus, often abbreviated WP. White phosphorus is a soft, waxy molecular solid composed of P 4 tetrahedra. This P
White phosphorus, yellow phosphorus, or simply tetraphosphorus (P 4) is an allotrope of phosphorus. It is a translucent waxy solid that quickly yellows in light (due to its photochemical conversion into red phosphorus), [ 1 ] and impure white phosphorus is for this reason called yellow phosphorus. White phosphorus is the first allotrope of ...
Red phosphorus is an allotrope of phosphorus. It is an amorphous polymeric red solid that is stable in air. It can be easily converted from white phosphorus under light or heating. It finds applications as matches and fire retardants. It was discovered in 1847 by Anton von Schrötter.
Diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon: pure forms of the same element that differ in crystalline structure.. Allotropy or allotropism (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (allos) 'other' and τρόπος (tropos) 'manner, form') is the property of some chemical elements to exist in two or more different forms, in the same physical state, known as allotropes of the elements.
US Air Force Douglas A-1E Skyraider dropping a 100-pound (45 kg) M47 white phosphorus bomb on a Viet Cong position in South Vietnam in 1966. White phosphorus munitions are weapons that use one of the common allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus. White phosphorus is used in smoke, illumination, and incendiary munitions, and is commonly ...
Although phosphorus (15 P) has 22 isotopes from 26 P to 47 P, only 31 P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33 P with a half-life of 25.34 days and 32 P with a half-life of 14.268 days. All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second.
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that involves the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.Unlike many other biogeochemical cycles, the atmosphere does not play a significant role in the movement of phosphorus, because phosphorus and phosphorus-based materials do not enter the gaseous phase readily, [1] as the main source of gaseous phosphorus ...