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Perforated eardrum. A completely perforated eardrum, showing the handle of the malleus (hammer bone). A perforated eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation) is a prick in the eardrum. It can be caused by infection (otitis media), trauma, overpressure (loud noise), inappropriate ear clearing, and changes in middle ear pressure.
Tympanoplasty is classified into five different types, originally described by Horst Ludwig Wullstein (1906–1987) in 1956. [1][2] Type 1 involves repair of the tympanic membrane alone, when the middle ear is normal. A type 1 tympanoplasty is synonymous to myringoplasty.
e. In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear, and thence to the oval window in the fluid-filled cochlea.
An eardrum rupture is a tear in the membrane that separates the ear canal from the middle ear space and can happen due to a condition, such as an ear infection.
Tympanoplasty is the surgical technique of removal of the retracted area from the middle ear and reconstruction of the tympanic membrane. Some surgeons use cartilage (taken from the outer ear) to stiffen the eardrum with the aim of preventing further retraction. [9] Surgical removal is required once a cholesteatoma has formed.
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [ 2 ] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [ 3 ] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [ 1 ] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [ 1 ] Decreased eating and a fever may also be ...
Middle ear barotrauma (MEBT), also known to underwater divers as ear squeeze and reverse ear squeeze, is an injury caused by a difference in pressure between the external ear canal and the middle ear. It is common in underwater divers and usually occurs when the diver does not equalise sufficiently during descent or, less commonly, on ascent.
Otitis externa. A moderate case of otitis externa. There is narrowing of the ear channel, with a small amount of exudate and swelling of the outer ear. Otitis externa, also called swimmer's ear, [1] is inflammation of the ear canal. [2] It often presents with ear pain, swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing. [2]