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  2. Diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes

    Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [10][11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [12] Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria ...

  3. Glycated hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin

    LOINC. 41995-2. Glycated hemoglobin, glycohemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar. Several types of glycated hemoglobin measures exist, of which HbA1c, or simply A1c, is a standard single test. [ 1 ] Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, and fructose, spontaneously (i.e ...

  4. Blood glucose monitoring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_glucose_monitoring

    Furthermore, the same study identified that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed greater than one year prior to initiation of SMBG, who were not on insulin, experienced a statistically significant reduction in their HbA1C of 0.3% (95% CI, -0.4 – -0.1) at six months follow up, but a statistically insignificant reduction of 0.1% (95 ...

  5. Epidemiology of diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_diabetes

    Epidemiology of diabetes. Prevalence (per 1,000 inhabitants) of diabetes worldwide in 2000 - world average was 2.8%. Globally, an estimated 537 million adults are living with diabetes, according to 2019 data from the International Diabetes Federation. [1] Diabetes was the 9th-leading cause of mortality globally in 2020, attributing to over 2 ...

  6. C-peptide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-peptide

    The connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule. In the context of diabetes or hypoglycemia, a measurement of C-peptide blood serum levels can be used to distinguish between different conditions with similar clinical features.

  7. Hypoglycemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglycemia

    [1] [3] The goal is to consume 10–20 grams of a carbohydrate to raise blood glucose levels to a minimum of 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). [3] [2] If a person is not able to take food by mouth, glucagon by injection or insufflation may help. [1] [3] [8] The treatment of hypoglycemia unrelated to diabetes includes treating the underlying problem. [3] [2]

  8. Reference ranges for blood tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood...

    v. t. e. Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry ...

  9. Diabetic retinopathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_retinopathy

    Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who have had both type 1 and type 2 diabetes for 20 years or more.

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