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As Moore's law nears its natural limits, supercomputing will face serious physical problems in moving from exascale to zettascale systems, making the decade after 2020 a vital period to develop key high-performance computing techniques. [8] Many forecasters, including Gordon Moore himself, [9] expect Moore's law to end by around 2025.
HPE Frontier at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility is the world's first exascale supercomputer. Exascale computing refers to computing systems capable of calculating at least 10 18 IEEE 754 Double Precision (64-bit) operations (multiplications and/or additions) per second (exa FLOPS)"; [1] it is a measure of supercomputer performance.
The encoding scheme stores the sign, the exponent (in base two for Cray and VAX, base two or ten for IEEE floating point formats, and base 16 for IBM Floating Point Architecture) and the significand (number after the radix point). While several similar formats are in use, the most common is ANSI/IEEE Std. 754-1985.
Artificial intelligence – computer mental abilities, especially those that previously belonged only to humans, such as speech recognition, natural language generation, etc. History of artificial intelligence (AI) Strong AI – hypothetical AI as smart as a human; Quantum computing. Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Petascale computing refers to computing systems capable of performing at least 1 quadrillion (10^15) floating-point operations per second (FLOPS).These systems are often called petaflops systems and represent a significant leap from traditional supercomputers in terms of raw performance, enabling them to handle vast datasets and complex computations.
One of the largest challenges during development was power consumption. Existing information pointed to hundreds of thousands of GPUs being necessary to achieve 1 exaFLOP, with a total power consumption of 150-500 MW. Thus, high efficiency was a primary target of the project. [8]
The Sunway TaihuLight (Chinese: 神威·太湖之光 Shénwēi·tàihú zhī guāng) is a Chinese supercomputer which, as of November 2023, is ranked 11th in the TOP500 list, [1] with a LINPACK benchmark rating of 93 petaflops. [2]
In 2013 DOE presented a proposal for an "exascale" supercomputer, capable of speeds in the neighborhood of 1 exaFLOP (10 18 floating point mathematical operations per second) with a maximum power consumption of 20 megawatts (MW) by 2020. [5] Aurora was first announced in 2015 and to be finished in 2018.