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In brain tissue, a biochemical cascade known as the ischemic cascade is triggered when the tissue becomes ischemic, potentially resulting in damage to and the death of brain cells. Medical professionals must take steps to maintain proper CBF in patients who have conditions like shock, stroke, cerebral edema, and traumatic brain injury.
Vascular risk factors can result in dysregulation of the neurovascular unit and hypoxia. Destruction of the organization of the blood–brain barrier, decreased cerebral blood flow, and the establishment of an inflammatory context often result in neuronal damage since these factors promote the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide in the brain. [37]
3D model of cerebral veins. In human anatomy, the cerebral veins are blood vessels in the cerebral circulation which drain blood from the cerebrum of the human brain.They are divisible into external (superficial cerebral veins) and internal (internal cerebral veins) groups according to the outer or inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into.
The brain pia mater is reflected from the surface of the brain onto the surface of blood vessels in the subarachnoid space. In the brain, perivascular cuffs are regions of leukocyte aggregation in the perivascular spaces, usually found in patients with viral encephalitis. Perivascular spaces vary in dimension according to the type of blood vessel.
Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensity (FVH) is a radiographic marker seen on brain imaging in acute ischaemic stroke. FVH can be used as a proxy for slow leptomeningeal collateral blood flow, and may help reveal which areas of brain tissue are potentially salvageable. [12]
Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is the structural stroma that includes connective tissue such as the meninges , blood vessels , and ducts. The two main types of cells in the brain are neurons , also known as nerve cells, and glial cells , also known as neuroglia. [ 1 ]
In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. [1] [2] It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels (from Greek kardia meaning heart, and Latin vascula meaning vessels).
The basilar artery (U.K.: / ˈ b æ z. ɪ. l ə /; [1] [2] U.S.: / ˈ b æ s. ə. l ər / [3]) is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are known as the vertebral basilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of the circle of Willis and joins with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of ...