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Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14), also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. It is CYP19A1 , a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in steroidogenesis .
Polyphenols are thought to play diverse roles in the ecology of plants. These functions include: [41] Release and suppression of growth hormones such as auxin. UV screens to protect against ionizing radiation and to provide coloration (plant pigments). [5] Deterrence of herbivores (sensory properties). Prevention of microbial infections ...
The compound is equipotent at the two forms of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, [2] and it acts as a full agonist of ERα. [3] Its effects are similar to those of estradiol, but it is considerably less potent in comparison. [2] 8-PN is found in hops (Humulus lupulus) and in beer, and is responsible for the estrogenic effects of the former.
Polyphenols in plant-based foods may trigger gastrointestinal hormones that could help reduce a person's risk for both obesity and type 2 diabetes, new research indicates.
Morgan explained that in menopause, “[a]s estrogen levels decrease, there is loss of the cardioprotective effects of estrogen on the heart.” ... “pomegranate juice — rich in polyphenols ...
Plant hormones, which are secondary metabolites, are often used to regulate the metabolic activity within cells and oversee the overall development of the plant. As mentioned above in the History tab, secondary plant metabolites help the plant maintain an intricate balance with the environment, often adapting to match the environmental needs.
The similarities, at molecular level, of an estrogen and a phytoestrogen allow them to mildly mimic and sometimes act as an antagonist of estrogen. [2] Phytoestrogens were first observed in 1926, [ 2 ] [ 5 ] but it was unknown if they could have any effect in human or animal metabolism.
The phenolic unit can be found dimerized or further polymerized, creating a new class of polyphenol. For example, ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid and forms the class of ellagitannins, or a catechin and a gallocatechin can combine to form the red compound theaflavin, a process that also results in the large class of brown thearubigins in tea.
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