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The principle of maximum caliber (MaxCal) or maximum path entropy principle, suggested by E. T. Jaynes, [1] can be considered as a generalization of the principle of maximum entropy. It postulates that the most unbiased probability distribution of paths is the one that maximizes their Shannon entropy. This entropy of paths is sometimes called ...
For the case of a single parameter and data that can be summarised in a single sufficient statistic, it can be shown that the credible interval and the confidence interval coincide if the unknown parameter is a location parameter (i.e. the forward probability function has the form (|) = ()), with a prior that is a uniform flat distribution; [6 ...
In the theory of probability for stochastic processes, the reflection principle for a Wiener process states that if the path of a Wiener process f(t) reaches a value f(s) = a at time t = s, then the subsequent path after time s has the same distribution as the reflection of the subsequent path about the value a. [1]
When the observed data of X are arranged in ascending order (X 1 ≤ X 2 ≤ X 3 ≤ ⋯ ≤ X N, the minimum first and the maximum last), and Ri is the rank number of the observation Xi, where the adfix i indicates the serial number in the range of ascending data, then the cumulative probability may be estimated by:
where ,,, is a probability distribution. Since p 1 + p 2 + p 3 + p 4 = 1 {\displaystyle p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3}+p_{4}=1} , a Bell diagonal state is determined by three real parameters. The maximum probability of a Bell diagonal state is defined as p m a x = max { p 1 , p 2 , p 3 , p 4 } {\displaystyle p_{max}=\max\{p_{1},p_{2},p_{3},p_{4}\}} .
Maximal entropy random walk (MERW) is a popular type of biased random walk on a graph, in which transition probabilities are chosen accordingly to the principle of maximum entropy, which says that the probability distribution which best represents the current state of knowledge is the one with largest entropy.
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For example, a 10-year flood has a 1/10 = 0.1 or 10% chance of being exceeded in any one year and a 50-year flood has a 0.02 or 2% chance of being exceeded in any one year. This does not mean that a 100-year flood will happen regularly every 100 years, or only once in 100 years. Despite the connotations of the name "return period".