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Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat. [1] Adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells which give rise to adipocytes through adipogenesis. In cell culture, adipocyte progenitors can also form osteoblasts, myocytes and other cell types.
Determination is mesenchymal stem cells committing to the adipocyte precursor cells, also known as lipoblasts or preadipocytes which lose the potential to differentiate to other types of cells such as chondrocytes, myocytes, and osteoblasts. [2] Terminal differentiation is that preadipocytes differentiate into mature adipocytes.
Fat globules (also known as mature lipid droplets) are individual pieces of intracellular fat in human cell biology.The lipid droplet's function is to store energy for the organism's body and is found in every type of adipocytes.
Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) [9] originate from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) progenitors that also give rise to osteoblasts, among other cell types. [10] Thus, it is thought that BMAT results from preferential MSC differentiation into the adipocyte, rather than osteoblast, lineage in the setting of osteoporosis. [11]
In adipocytes, lipid bodies tend to be larger and they may compose the majority of the cell, while in other cells they may only be induced under certain conditions and are considerably smaller in size. Lro1 is a type II integral membrane protein. The N-terminal domain facing the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm and containing a short basic region (RKRR).
This expression takes place primarily within mature adipocytes. Transgenic aP2-PRDM16 mice were used in a study to observe the effects of PRDM16 expression in WAT. [7] The study found that the presence of PRDM16 in subcutaneous WAT leads to a significant up-regulation of brown-fat selective genes UCP-1, CIDEA, and PPARGC1A. This up-regulation ...
- Apparently univacuolated adipocytes (may look normal). - Lipoblasts (multivacuolated), but neither necessary nor sufficient for diagnosis of liposarcoma. Lipid-laden histiocytes may mimic lipoblasts, but have lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm and a small normochromatic nuclei which are not hollowed out from the lipid vacuoles.