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Herbert Smith's refractometer. George Frederick Herbert Smith CBE (26 May 1872 – 20 April 1953) was a British mineralogist who worked for the British Museum (Natural History). [1] He discovered the mineral paratacamite in 1906, and developed a jeweller's refractometer for the rapid identification of gems. [2]
Gemstone refractometers are available both as classic optical instruments and as electronic measurement devices with a digital display. [3] In marine aquarium keeping, a refractometer is used to measure the salinity and specific gravity of the water. In the automobile industry, a refractometer is used to measure the coolant concentration.
Direct measurements of RI and dispersion are impractical (a standard gemological refractometer has an upper limit of about RI 1.81), [why?] but several companies have devised reflectivity meters to gauge a material's RI indirectly by measuring how well it reflects an infrared beam. Perhaps equally important is optic character.
Traditional handheld refractometer. One test to determine the gem's identity is to measure the refraction of light in the gem. Essentially, when light passes from one medium to another, it bends. Blue light bends more than red light. How much the light bends will vary depending on the gem mineral.
In gemology, a different type of refractometer is used to measure the index of refraction and birefringence of gemstones. The gem is placed on a high refractive index prism and illuminated from below. A high refractive index contact liquid is used to achieve optical contact between the gem and the prism.
A specialty of A.Krüss Optronic is their program of gemological instruments and equipment. It includes gemological magnifiers and microscopes, special spectrometers and gem-refractometers, and complete battery-operated portable laboratories for field operation.
Refractometers are frequently used by grape growers and kiwifruit growers for Brix testing of sucrose levels in their fruit. Refractometry is also used in the gelatin industry. To convert the RI of a gelatin sol (reported in Brix) to a gelatin concentration, one need only multiply by eight-tenths (0.8). A sol with a 10.0 RI would therefore be 8 ...
Traditional handheld refractometer This page was last edited on 29 March 2013, at 09:33 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ...
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