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  2. Elliptic orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_orbit

    In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, an elliptic orbit or elliptical orbit is a Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1; this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with eccentricity equal to 0. In a stricter sense, it is a Kepler orbit with the eccentricity greater than 0 and less than 1 (thus excluding the circular orbit).

  3. Orbital eccentricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity

    For elliptical orbits, a simple proof shows that ⁡ gives the projection angle of a perfect circle to an ellipse of eccentricity e. For example, to view the eccentricity of the planet Mercury (e = 0.2056), one must simply calculate the inverse sine to find the projection angle of 11.86 degrees. Then, tilting any circular object by that angle ...

  4. Eccentricity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity_(mathematics)

    For example, on a triaxial ellipsoid, the meridional eccentricity is that of the ellipse formed by a section containing both the longest and the shortest axes (one of which will be the polar axis), and the equatorial eccentricity is the eccentricity of the ellipse formed by a section through the centre, perpendicular to the polar axis (i.e. in ...

  5. Ellipse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse

    An ellipse (red) obtained as the intersection of a cone with an inclined plane. Ellipse: notations Ellipses: examples with increasing eccentricity. In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.

  6. Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoplanet_orbital_and...

    The eccentricity of an orbit is a measure of how elliptical (elongated) it is. All the planets of the Solar System except for Mercury have near-circular orbits (e<0.1). [8] Most exoplanets with orbital periods of 20 days or less have near-circular orbits, i.e. very low eccentricity.

  7. Eccentric anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentric_anomaly

    The eccentricity e is defined as: = . From Pythagoras's theorem applied to the triangle with r (a distance FP) as hypotenuse: = ⁡ + (⁡) = (⁡) + (⁡ + ⁡) = ⁡ + ⁡ = (⁡) Thus, the radius (distance from the focus to point P) is related to the eccentric anomaly by the formula

  8. Geosynchronous orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit

    A special case of geosynchronous orbit is the geostationary orbit (often abbreviated GEO), which is a circular geosynchronous orbit in Earth's equatorial plane with both inclination and eccentricity equal to 0. A satellite in a geostationary orbit remains in the same position in the sky to observers on the surface.

  9. Apsidal precession - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsidal_precession

    The eccentricity of this ellipse and the precession rate of the orbit are exaggerated for visualization. Most orbits in the Solar System have a much lower eccentricity and precess at a much slower rate, making them nearly circular and stationary. The main orbital elements (or parameters). The line of apsides is shown in blue, and denoted by ω.