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Alpha scintillation probe under calibration. The most commonly used hand-held survey meters are the scintillation counter, which is used in the measurement of alpha, beta and neutron particles; the Geiger counter, widely used for the measurement of alpha, beta and gamma levels; and the ion chamber, which is used for beta, gamma and X-ray measurements.
This unit is quite sensitive and can be used to measure low levels of gamma radiation and detect beta radiation. In cases of high-radiation fields, the Geiger tube can saturate, causing the meter to read a very low level of radiation (close to 0 R/h) hence the necessity of the companion ion-chamber survey meters.
A Geiger counter (/ ˈ ɡ aɪ ɡ ər /, GY-gər; [1] also known as a Geiger–Müller counter or G-M counter) is an electronic instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It is widely used in applications such as radiation dosimetry , radiological protection , experimental physics and the nuclear industry .
Geiger-Müller counter with dual counts/dose rate display measuring a "point source". The dose per count is known for this specific instrument by calibration. The count rates of cps and cpm are generally accepted and convenient practical rate measurements. They are not SI units, but are de facto radiological units of measure in widespread use.
Measurement time, seconds Measuring of beta and gamma radiation and range of energy PC link Extra features SA-05A [1] Switzerland: 119x65x26.5 135 Built-in lithium polymer battery LCD No No Geiger–Müller tube LND 713 0.01–6000 No 1–60 0.05–1.3 MeV USB: Clock, calendar and data logger ANRI 01-02 Sosna [2] Russia: 133x82x45 350 Nine-volt ...
The commission has been responsible for defining and introducing many of the following units of measure. The number of different units for various quantities is indicative of changes of thinking in world metrology, especially the movement from cgs to SI units. [6] The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units.
In 1953 the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) recommended the rad, equal to 100 erg/g, as the unit of measure of the new radiation quantity absorbed dose. The rad was expressed in coherent cgs units. [5] In 1975 the unit gray was named as the SI unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to 1 J/kg (i.e. 100 rad).
The safety equipment usually includes four basic items: a radiation survey meter (such as a Geiger/Mueller counter), an alarming dosimeter or rate meter, a gas-charged dosimeter, and a film badge or thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). The easiest way to remember what each of these items does is to compare them to gauges on an automobile.
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