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Anaemia is quite prevalent in Africa especially among young children due mainly to a diet that is low in animal-based foodstuffs and high in fibre-rich cereals, tannins and phytates which inhibit iron absorption. In 2006, about 67.6 per cent of children under 5, and overall 83.5 million children were anaemic. [10]
Research has also shown that alcohol stimulates dopamine activity in the mesolimbic-dopamine system, which amplifies the salience of natural rewards (e.g. finding food and mates) in the present environment and boost associative learning. [46]
In the 21st century, food addiction are often associated with eating disorders. [5] The term binge eating is defined as eating an unhealthy amount of food while feeling that one's sense of control has been lost. [6] Food addiction initially presents in the form of cravings, which cause a feeling that one cannot cope without the food in question ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 February 2025. There is 1 pending revision awaiting review. Mental illness characterized by abnormal eating habits that adversely affect health Medical condition Eating disorder Specialty Psychiatry, clinical psychology Symptoms Abnormal eating habits that negatively affect physical or mental health ...
Geophagy also occurs in humans and is most commonly reported among children and pregnant women. [5] Human geophagia is a form of pica – the craving and purposive consumption of non-food items – and is classified as an eating disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) if not socially or culturally appropriate ...
Proponents of orthomolecular medicine argue that supplements are less likely to cause dangerous side-effects or harm, since they are normally present in the body. [5] Some vitamins are toxic in high doses [ 69 ] and nearly all (with the possible exception of Vitamin C [ 84 ] ) will cause adverse effects given high levels of overdosing for ...
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption ...
An influential cognitive-behavioral approach to addiction recovery and therapy has been Alan Marlatt's (1985) Relapse Prevention approach. [62] Marlatt describes four psycho-social processes relevant to the addiction and relapse processes: self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, attributions of causality, and decision-making processes. Self-efficacy ...