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Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [ 2 ]
Passive–aggressive personality disorder, also called negativistic personality disorder, [1] [2] is characterized by procrastination, covert obstructionism, inefficiency, and stubbornness. The DSM-5 no longer uses this phrase or label, and it is not one of the ten listed specific personality disorders.
Aggression can have adaptive benefits or negative effects. Aggressive behavior is an individual or collective social interaction that is a hostile behavior with the intention of inflicting damage or harm. [3] [4] Two broad categories of aggression are commonly distinguished.
"Passive-aggressive behavior is an indirect and passive form of communication, which can either be verbal or nonverbal," says Dr. Robert Yeilding, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist. "The passive ...
Passive aggression is behavior "characterized by the expression of negative feelings, resentment, and aggression in an unassertive passive way (as through procrastination and stubbornness)". [1] The basic meaning of this is degrading and insulting others in a way that makes it sound neutral and not harmful.
Instead of being honest and direct, and discussing those feelings, you resort to passive-aggressive behaviors as a way to punish or impede the other person. It can happen in any type of ...
For a gut-check, here’s a list of aggressive email behaviors and phrases that you may have used. 5 signs you’re too aggressive on email Skip to main content
Typically, covert aggression is verbal, indirect, and passive in nature, while overt aggression reflects the physical, direct, and active side of the dichotomies. [20] Workplace aggression often takes the form of covert behaviors. This can be attributed to what Bjorkqvist, Osterman, and Lagerspetz call the effect/danger ratio. [21]