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For a table listing all spellings of the sounds on this page, see English orthography § Sound-to-spelling correspondences. For help converting spelling to pronunciation, see English orthography § Spelling-to-sound correspondences. The words given as examples for two different symbols may sound the same to you.
Many of these are degenerations in the pronunciation of names that originated in other languages. Sometimes a well-known namesake with the same spelling has a markedly different pronunciation. These are known as heterophonic names or heterophones (unlike heterographs, which are written differently but pronounced the same).
[citation needed] The spellings of personal names have also been a source of spelling innovations: diminutive versions of women's names that sound the same as men's names have been spelled differently: Nikki and Nicky, Toni and Tony, Jo and Joe. The differentiation in between names that are spelled differently but have the same phonetic sound ...
Name of multiple places New Berlin: New BUR-lin / ˈ b ɜːr l ɪ n / Name of multiple places New Orleans: new OR-linz / n j uː ˈ ɔːr l ɪ n z / [n 27] New Madrid, Missouri: New MAD-rid / ˈ m æ d r ɪ d / New Prague, Minnesota: New PRAYG / ˈ p r eɪ ɡ / New Tripoli, Pennsylvania: New trih-POH-lee / t r ɪ ˈ p oʊ l i / Noel, Missouri ...
A pronunciation respelling for English is a notation used to convey the pronunciation of words in the English language, which do not have a phonemic orthography (i.e. the spelling does not reliably indicate pronunciation). There are two basic types of pronunciation respelling:
Normally, pronunciation is given only for the subject of the article in its lead section. For non-English words and names, use the pronunciation key for the appropriate language. If a common English rendering of the non-English name exists (Venice, Nikita Khrushchev), its pronunciation, if necessary, should be indicated before the non-English one.
A pronunciation that has drifted a little due to changes in spelling or vowel/consonant shifts in the language over time is not counterintuitive to an educated native speaker; neither is a loan word which has been anglicised (Beauchamp/Beecham), or a word which has been mildly abbreviated but has not elided entire syllables (Bicester/Bister)
Square brackets are used with phonetic notation, whether broad or narrow [17] – that is, for actual pronunciation, possibly including details of the pronunciation that may not be used for distinguishing words in the language being transcribed, but which the author nonetheless wishes to document. Such phonetic notation is the primary function ...