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Fishes are a paraphyletic group and for this reason, the class Pisces seen in older reference works is no longer used in formal taxonomy.Traditional classification divides fish into three extant classes (Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, and Osteichthyes), and with extinct forms sometimes classified within those groups, sometimes as their own classes: [1]
Class Chondrichthyes (cartilagineous fish - sharks and rays) Class Osteichthyes (bony fish), which has two subclasses: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) Full details of higher order fish taxonomy can be found in the Chordata article.
[5] [6] After the appearance of jawed fish (placoderms, acanthodians, sharks, etc.) about 420 million years ago, most ostracoderm species underwent a decline, and the last ostracoderms became extinct at the end of the Devonian period. More recent research indicates that fish with jaws had far less to do with the extinction of the ostracoderms ...
7 23 126 1 6 Squatiniformes: angel sharks: Buen, 1926: 1 1 24 3 4 5 Rays: Myliobatiformes: stingrays and relatives: Compagno, 1973: 10 29 223 1 16 33 Rhinopristiformes: sawfishes: 1 2 5–7 5–7 Rajiformes: skates and guitarfishes: L. S. Berg, 1940: 5 36 >270 4 12 26 Torpediniformes: electric rays: de Buen, 1926: 2 12 69 2 9 Holocephali ...
As of 2020, over 65 million tonnes (Mt) of marine fish and 10 Mt of freshwater fish were captured, while some 50 Mt of fish, mainly freshwater, were farmed. Of the marine species captured in 2020, anchoveta represented 4.9 Mt, Alaska pollock 3.5 Mt, skipjack tuna 2.8 Mt, and Atlantic herring and yellowfin tuna 1.6 Mt each; eight more species ...
The giant sunfish is the heaviest bony fish in the world, in late 2021, Portuguese fishermen found a dead sunfish near the coast of Faial Island, Azores, with a weight of 2,744 kilograms (6,049 lb) and 3.6 metres (12 ft) tall and 3.5 metres (11 ft) long established the biggest giant sunfish ever captured.
Until recently, the view of most ichthyologists has been that Osteichthyes were paraphyletic and include only bony fishes. [8] However, since 2013 widely cited ichthyology papers have been published with phylogenetic trees that treat the Osteichthyes as a clade including tetrapods, making the terms Euteleostomi and Osteichthyes synonymous.
The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the Otocephala as a cohort and subdivides it above the level of order as set out below, the classification of extant taxa from the level of order and below follows Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: [8] [9] [10] Cohort Otocephala Superorder Clupeomorpha Greenwood et al. 1966