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In linguistics, clipping, also called truncation or shortening, [1] is word formation by removing some segments of an existing word to create a diminutive word or a clipped compound. Clipping differs from abbreviation , which is based on a shortening of the written, rather than the spoken, form of an existing word or phrase.
Back-formation is either the process of creating a new lexeme (less precisely, a new "word") by removing actual or supposed affixes, or a neologism formed by such a process. Back-formations are shortened words created from longer words, thus back-formations may be viewed as a sub-type of clipping.
In linguistics, a clipped compound is a word produced from a compound word by reducing its parts while retaining the meaning of the original compound. [1] It is a special case of word formation called clipping. Clipped compounds are common in various slang and jargon vocabularies. [1] A clipped compound word is actually a type of blend word ...
For example, the noun resurrection was borrowed from Latin, and the verb resurrect was then back-formed hundreds of years later from it by removing the -ion suffix. This segmentation of resurrection into resurrect + ion was possible because English had examples of Latin words in the form of verb and verb+-ion pairs, such as opine/opinion.
Examples for a double diminutive having two diminutive suffixes are in Polish dzwon → dzwonek → dzwoneczek or Italian casa → casetta → casettina). In English, the alteration of meaning is often conveyed through clipping, making the words shorter and more colloquial.
Clipping with vowel reduction also occurs in many unstressed syllables. Because of the variability of vowel length, the ː diacritic is sometimes omitted in IPA transcriptions of English and so words such as dawn or lead are transcribed as /dɔn/ and /lid/, instead of the more usual /dɔːn/ and /liːd/. Neither type of transcription is more ...
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For example, in English the root catch and the suffix -ing are both morphemes; catch may appear as its own word, or it may be combined with -ing to form the new word catching. Morphology also analyzes how words behave as parts of speech , and how they may be inflected to express grammatical categories including number , tense , and aspect .