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A medical/clinical thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) Temperature measurement (also known as thermometry) describes the process of measuring a current temperature for immediate or later evaluation. Datasets consisting of repeated standardized measurements can be used to assess temperature trends.
For instance, precise measurements show that the boiling point of VSMOW water under one standard atmosphere of pressure is actually 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C) when adhering strictly to the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature. When calibrated to ITS–90, where one must interpolate between the defining points of gallium and indium ...
Average surface temperature on Earth 288 15 59 519 128 5 12 15 Average human body temperature* 310 37 98 558 95 12 29 27 Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth [2] 331 58 [2] 136.4 [2] 596 63 19 46 38 Water boils (at standard pressure) 373.1339 99.9839 211.97102 671.64102 0.00 33.00 80.00 60.00 Titanium melts 1941 1668 3034 3494 −2352 ...
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...
The SI comprises a coherent system of units of measurement starting with seven base units, which are the second (symbol s, the unit of time), metre (m, length), kilogram (kg, mass), ampere (A, electric current), kelvin (K, thermodynamic temperature), mole (mol, amount of substance), and candela (cd, luminous intensity). The system can ...
In comparison, the global mean surface air temperature (GSAT) is the "global average of near-surface air temperatures over land, oceans and sea ice. Changes in GSAT are often used as a measure of global temperature change in climate models." [10]: 2231 Global temperature can have different definitions. There is a small difference between air ...
Since 1982, STP has been defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 bar (100 kPa, 10 5 Pa). NIST uses a temperature of 20 °C (293.15 K, 68 °F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa). [3] This standard is also called normal temperature and pressure (abbreviated as NTP).
It is an approximation of thermodynamic temperature that facilitates the comparability and compatibility of temperature measurements internationally. It defines fourteen calibration points ranging from 0.65 K to 1 357.77 K (−272.50 °C to 1 084.62 °C) and is subdivided into multiple temperature ranges which overlap in some instances.