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Combined hormonal contraception (CHC), or combined birth control, is a form of hormonal contraception which combines both an estrogen and a progestogen in varying formulations. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The different types available include the pill , the patch and the vaginal ring , which are all widely available, [ 3 ] and an injection , which is available ...
A contraceptive patch, also known as "the patch", is a transdermal patch applied to the skin that releases synthetic oestrogen and progestogen hormones to prevent pregnancy. They have been shown to be as effective as the combined oral contraceptive pill with perfect use, and the patch may be more effective in typical use.
Different forms of birth control have different potential side effects. Not all, or even most, users will experience side effects from a method. The less effective the method, the greater the risk of pregnancy, and the side effects associated with pregnancy. Minimal or no side effects occur with coitus interruptus, fertility awareness-based ...
The vaginal ring with ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel increases the risk of venous blood clots 6.5 times compared to non-users of hormonal birth control. [20] This is similar to the risk of blood clots with combination birth control pills, which range between 3 times to 14 times the risk. [29]
Etonogestrel is effective as a means of birth control and lasts at least three or four years with some data showing effectiveness for five years. [9] [11] Following removal, fertility quickly returns. [15] Side effects of etonogestrel include menstrual irregularities, breast tenderness, mood changes, acne, headaches, vaginitis, and others. [4]
The patch-free interval must not be longer than seven days; otherwise, additional non-hormonal contraceptive methods must be used, such as condoms. [6] Transdermal patches must always be applied on the same day of the week to the buttock, abdomen (belly), upper arm or upper back. [ 6 ]
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Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In the past, EE was widely used for various indications such as the treatment of menopausal symptoms , gynecological disorders , and certain hormone-sensitive cancers .