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SERCA2 can be regulated by microRNAs, for instance miR-25 suppresses SERCA2 in heart failure. For experimental purposes, SERCA can be inhibited by thapsigargin and induced by istaroxime. SERCA function is upregulated in the skeletal muscle of rabbits [8] and in rodent myocardium [9] [10] by thyroid hormones. This mechanism may contribute to the ...
The surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (often abbreviated RER or rough ER; also called granular endoplasmic reticulum) is studded with protein-manufacturing ribosomes giving it a "rough" appearance (hence its name). [7] The binding site of the ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the translocon. [8]
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells. [3] The Golgi apparatus is a series of multiple compartments where molecules are packaged for delivery to other cell components or for secretion from the cell. [ 4 ]
Glucose-6-phosphate translocase is a transmembrane protein providing a selective channel between the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and the cytosol.The enzyme is made up of three separate transporting subunits referred to as G6PT1 (subunit 1), G6PT2 (subunit 2) and G6PT3 (subunit 3).
The rough endoplasmic reticulum branches off of the cell nucleus, has multiple cisternae or layered folds that have interstitial space for protein extrusion. [3] Ribosomes are located in both the cytosol, cellular fluid, or rough endoplasmic reticulum and attach to this ribonucleic acid by separation and re-association of subunits around the ...
A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal. [1] In humans and other vertebrates there are three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac (cardiomyocytes). [2] A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. [3]
The translocon (also known as a translocator or translocation channel) is a complex of proteins associated with the translocation of polypeptides across membranes. [1] In eukaryotes the term translocon most commonly refers to the complex that transports nascent polypeptides with a targeting signal sequence into the interior (cisternal or lumenal) space of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from ...
This protein is found as a pentamer and is a major substrate for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in cardiac muscle. In the unphosphorylated state, phospholamban is an inhibitor of cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase ( SERCA2 ) [ 7 ] which transports calcium from cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum .