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Nucleic acids present in the washed (and preferably dried) silica-nucleic acid complexes is eluted into chosen elution buffer such as TE buffer, aqua bidest, and so on. The selection of the elution buffer is co-determined by the contemplated use of the isolated nucleic acid. In this way, pure nucleic acids are isolated from the starting material.
Of the numerous protein secondary structures present, the 3 10-helix is the fourth most common type observed; following α-helices, β-sheets and reverse turns. 3 10-helices constitute nearly 10–15% of all helices in protein secondary structures, and are typically observed as extensions of α-helices found at either their N- or C- termini.
GelGreen is an intercalating nucleic acid stain used in molecular genetics for agarose gel DNA electrophoresis. GelGreen consists of two acridine orange subunits that are bridged by a linear oxygenated spacer. [1] [2] Its fluorophore, and therefore its optical properties, are essentially identical to those of other N-alkylacridinium orange dyes.
Contamination by phenol, which is commonly used in nucleic acid purification, can significantly throw off quantification estimates. Phenol absorbs with a peak at 270 nm and a A 260/280 of 1.2. Nucleic acid preparations uncontaminated by phenol should have a A 260/280 of around 2. [2]
The specificity of the hybridization-ligation assay for ligation at the 3'-end is particularly relevant because the predominant nucleases in blood are 3' to 5' exonucleases. One limitation of the method is that it requires a free 3'-end hydroxyl which may not be available when targeting moieties are attached to the 3'-end, for example.
The nucleic acid notation currently in use was first formalized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1970. [1] This universally accepted notation uses the Roman characters G, C, A, and T, to represent the four nucleotides commonly found in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).
A typical molecular beacon structure can be divided in 4 parts: 1) loop, an 18–30 base pair region of the molecular beacon that is complementary to the target sequence; 2) stem formed by the attachment to both termini of the loop of two short (5 to 7 nucleotide residues) oligonucleotides that are complementary to each other; 3) 5' fluorophore ...
Cyanine dyes are used to label proteins, antibodies, peptides, nucleic acid probes, and any kind of other biomolecules to be used in a variety of fluorescence detection techniques: flow cytometry, microscopy (mainly the visible range, but also UV and IR), microplate assays, microarrays, as well as "light-up probes," and in vivo imaging. [18]