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Cross-flow turbine: Also known as Banki-Mitchell or Ossberger turbines, these devices are used for a large range of hydraulic heads (from 2 to 100 meters) and flow rates (from 0.03 to 20 m 3 /s), but are more efficient for low heads and low power outputs. They are considered "impulse" turbines, since they get energy from water by reducing its ...
Gorlov: the Gorlov helical turbine free stream or constrained flow with or without a dam, [9] Francis and propeller turbines. [10] Kaplan turbine : Is a high flow, low head, propeller-type turbine. An alternative to the traditional kaplan turbine is a large diameter, slow turning, permanent magnet, sloped open flow VLH turbine with efficiencies ...
The Archimedean screw turbine is applied on rivers with a relatively low head (from 0.1 m to 10 m) and on low flows (0.01 m 3 /s up to around 10 m 3 /s on one turbine). Due to the construction and slow movement of the blades of the turbine, the turbine is considered to be friendly to aquatic wildlife. It is often labelled as "fish friendly".
Run in reverse, Archimedes screw turbines act as a new form of small hydroelectric powerplant that can be applied even in low head sites. Such generators operate in a wide range of flows (0.01 m 3 / s {\displaystyle m^{3}/s} to 14.5 m 3 / s {\displaystyle m^{3}/s} ) and heads (0.1 m to 10 m), including low heads and moderate flow rates that is ...
A schematic presentation of a gravitation water vortex power plant, showing the turbine in yellow. The gravitation water vortex power plant is a type of micro hydro vortex turbine system which converts energy in a moving fluid to rotational energy using a low hydraulic head of 0.7–3 metres (2 ft 4 in – 9 ft 10 in).
A pico hydro system made by the Sustainable Vision project from Baylor University [1]. Pico hydro is a term used for hydroelectric power generation of under 5 kW. These generators have proven to be useful in small, remote communities that require only a small amount of electricity – for example, to power one or two fluorescent light bulbs and a TV or radio in 50 or so homes. [2]
Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines and are used in low (<30 m or 100 ft) and medium (30–300 m or 100–1,000 ft) head applications. In reaction turbine, pressure drop occurs in both fixed and moving blades. It is largely used in dam and large power plants.
A wheel power divided by the initial jet power, is the turbine efficiency, η = 4u(V i − u)/V i 2. It is zero for u = 0 and for u = V i . As the equations indicate, when a real Pelton wheel is working close to maximum efficiency, the fluid flows off the wheel with very little residual velocity. [ 11 ]