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The controversial practice of circus animal acts is legal in the US. [61] In 2015 Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus announced it will phase out its use of elephants by 2018, [62] but ended up shutting down in 2017. In May 2022, the circus announced it would resume touring in 2023 without the use of animals.
The brain of an elephant weighs 4.5–5.5 kg (10–12 lb) compared to 1.6 kg (4 lb) for a human brain. [79] It is the largest of all terrestrial mammals. [80] While the elephant brain is larger overall, it is proportionally smaller than the human brain. At birth, an elephant's brain already weighs 30–40% of its adult weight.
In 2009, Bolivia became the first country to banish animal abuse and harm in circuses. [1] The United States of America is the only country in the world that has banned killing horses for consumption, [citation needed] and India have banned killing cows for consumption in some of its states. [citation needed]
An African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), is an example of charismatic megafauna.. Charismatic megafauna are animal species that are large—in the category that they represent [1] —with symbolic value or widespread popular appeal, and are often used by environmental activists to gain public support for environmentalist goals. [2]
The largest extant proboscidean is the African bush elephant, with a world record of size of 4 m (13.1 ft) at the shoulder and 10.4 t (11.5 short tons). [2] In addition to their enormous size, later proboscideans are distinguished by tusks and long, muscular trunks, which were less developed or absent in early proboscideans.
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The dental formula of elephants is 1.0.3.3 0.0.3.3 × 2 = 26. [25] Elephants have four molars; each weighs about 5 kg (11 lb) and measures about 30 cm (12 in) long. As the front pair wears down and drops out in pieces, the back pair moves forward, and two new molars emerge in the back of the mouth.
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