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Relation between chemical reaction conversion selectivity and yield. In chemical reaction engineering, "yield", "conversion" and "selectivity" are terms used to describe ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted—conversion, how much of a desired product was formed—yield, and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product—selectivity, represented as X, S, and Y.
These costs are treated as an expense in the period the business recognizes income from sale of the goods. [4] Determining costs requires keeping records of goods or materials purchased and any discounts on such purchase. In addition, if the goods are modified, [5] the business must determine the costs incurred in modifying the goods. Such ...
At date t = 1, this investment opportunity is considered favorable; hence, this function is: −δC + δ2B > 0. Now consider from the perspective of date t = 2, this investment opportunity is still viewed as favorable given −C + δB > 0. To view this mathematically, observe that the new expression is the old expression multiplied by 1/δ.
Discounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price of goods or services.. They can occur anywhere in the distribution channel, modifying either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer ...
[2] [6] The "discount rate" is the rate at which the "discount" must grow as the delay in payment is extended. [7] This fact is directly tied into the time value of money and its calculations. [1] The present value of $1,000, 100 years into the future. Curves representing constant discount rates of 2%, 3%, 5%, and 7%
The annual effective discount rate expresses the amount of interest paid or earned as a percentage of the balance at the end of the annual period. It is related to but slightly smaller than the effective rate of interest , which expresses the amount of interest as a percentage of the balance at the start of the period.
The unit of r(T) can be converted to mol⋅L −1 ⋅s −1, after divided by (1000×N A), where N A is the Avogadro constant. For a reaction between A and B, the collision frequency calculated with the hard-sphere model with the unit number of collisions per m 3 per second is:
In economics, a discount function is used in economic models to describe the weights placed on rewards received at different points in time. For example, if time is discrete and utility is time-separable, with the discount function f(t) having a negative first derivative and with c t (or c(t) in continuous time) defined as consumption at time t, total utility from an infinite stream of ...