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  2. Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    It has a history of use that is at least 10,000 years old, and estimates of its discovery place it at 9000 BC in the Middle East; [1] a copper pendant was found in northern Iraq that dates to 8700 BC. [2] There is evidence that gold and meteoric iron (but not iron smelting) were the only metals used by humans before copper. [3]

  3. Copper extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_extraction

    Copper(II) ions migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode. At the cathode (reduction reaction), Cu 2+ ions are reduced in copper metal and Cu (s) plates out, but less noble constituents such as arsenic and zinc remain in solution unless a higher voltage is used. [53] The reactions involving metallic copper and Cu 2+ ions at the electrodes ...

  4. Copper mining in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_mining_in_the...

    The deposit was mined until 1842, then intermittently through 1875, producing an estimated 680 tonnes of copper. [72] Copper was discovered in 1843 at what became known as the Copper Creek mine near Mount Sterling in Crawford County, southwest Wisconsin. About 5500 pounds (2.5 tonnes) of copper were produced from the deposit between 1843 and ...

  5. Old Copper complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Copper_complex

    Native copper nugget from glacial drift, Ontonagon County, Michigan. An example of the raw material worked by the people of the Old Copper Complex. The Old Copper complex or Old Copper culture is an archaeological culture from the Archaic period of North America's Great Lakes region. Artifacts from some of these sites have been dated from 6500 ...

  6. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre...

    Indigenous Americans had been using native metals from ancient times, with recent finds of gold artifacts in the Andean region dated to 2155–1936 BC, [1] and North American copper finds being dated to approximately 5000 BC. [2] The metal would have been found in nature without the need for smelting, and shaped into the desired form using hot ...

  7. Copper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper

    Experience with copper has assisted the development of other metals; in particular, copper smelting likely led to the discovery of iron smelting. [94] Copper artifacts from the Old Copper Complex of North America, which may have existed from approximately 9500–5400 years before present

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  9. Metals of antiquity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity

    The earliest gold artifacts were discovered at the site of Wadi Qana in the Levant. [13] Silver is estimated to have been discovered in Asia Minor shortly after copper and gold. [14] There is evidence that iron was known from before 5000 BC. [15] The oldest known iron objects used by humans are some beads of meteoric iron, made in Egypt in ...