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  2. Entropy (classical thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(classical...

    In the case of an ideal gas, the heat capacity is constant and the ideal gas law PV = nRT gives that α V V = V/T = nR/p, with n the number of moles and R the molar ideal-gas constant. So, the molar entropy of an ideal gas is given by (,) = (,) + ⁡ ⁡. In this expression C P now is the molar heat capacity. The entropy of inhomogeneous ...

  3. Entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

    Since an entropy is a state function, the entropy change of the system for an irreversible path is the same as for a reversible path between the same two states. [22] However, the heat transferred to or from the surroundings is different as well as its entropy change. We can calculate the change of entropy only by integrating the above formula.

  4. Gibbs–Helmholtz equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbs–Helmholtz_equation

    The definition of the Gibbs function is = + where H is the enthalpy defined by: = +. Taking differentials of each definition to find dH and dG, then using the fundamental thermodynamic relation (always true for reversible or irreversible processes): = where S is the entropy, V is volume, (minus sign due to reversibility, in which dU = 0: work other than pressure-volume may be done and is equal ...

  5. Table of thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_thermodynamic...

    Ideal gas law: p = pressure; ... Entropy change ... Thermodynamic equation calculator This page was last edited on 9 December 2024, at 23:05 ...

  6. Van 't Hoff equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_'t_Hoff_equation

    The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".

  7. Entropy (order and disorder) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(order_and_disorder)

    In a stretched out piece of rubber, for example, the arrangement of the molecules of its structure has an "ordered" distribution and has zero entropy, while the "disordered" kinky distribution of the atoms and molecules in the rubber in the non-stretched state has positive entropy. Similarly, in a gas, the order is perfect and the measure of ...

  8. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...

  9. Introduction to entropy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_entropy

    The entropy of the surrounding room decreases less than the entropy of the ice and water increases: the room temperature of 298 K is larger than 273 K and therefore the ratio, (entropy change), of ⁠ δQ / 298 K ⁠ for the surroundings is smaller than the ratio (entropy change), of ⁠ δQ / 273 K ⁠ for the ice and water system. This is ...