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The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam (Acehnese: Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: اچيه دارالسلام ), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline.
Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah al-Kahar (died 29 September 1571) was the third Sultan of the Aceh Sultanate, reigning from either 1537 or 1539 until his death.He is considered to be one of the strongest rulers in the history of the sultanate and greatly strengthened Aceh.
Tuanku Raja was proclaimed sultan under the name Alauddin Mahmud Syah. However, not all the regions heeded his claim. People from the XXII Mukims (one of the three regions or sagis of Aceh) held the prestigious Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in the capital and opposed the new sultan. They were eventually driven out by force.
The Hikayat Aceh described Iskandar Muda as a scion of the lineage (nasab) and race (bangsa) of Iskandar Zulkarnain, Alexander the Great. Through this statement, the hikayat presented Aceh as a part of the Malay world, since Iskandar Zulkarnain was the purported ancestor of the Melaka , Johor , Perak and Pahang rulers.
Salahuddin (died 25 November 1548) was the second Sultan of Aceh Darussalam, reigning from 1530 to either 1537 or 1539.He was the eldest son of Sultan Ali Mughayat Syah, the founder of the Aceh Sultanate.
Ali Mughayat Syah (died 7 August 1530) was the first Sultan of Aceh Darussalam in Northern Sumatra, reigning from about 1514 until his death.His reign not only saw the foundation of the Aceh Sultanate, but also the conquest of neighboring Daya (1520), Pidie (1521), and Pasai (1524).
The Hikayat Aceh text reveals that the spread of Islam in northern Sumatra was carried out by an Arab scholar named Sheikh Abdullah Arif in 1112. The book Zhufan Zhi (諸蕃 志), written by Zhao Rugua in 1225, cited the record of a geographer, Chou Ku-fei, in 1178 that there is a Muslim country with only five days of voyage from Java .
Sultan Alauddin Ri'ayat Syah Sayyid al-Mukammal (died 1605) was the tenth Sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra, ruling from 1589 to 1604.His reign is important since it saw the arrival of three new European powers to the region of the Melaka Straits: the Dutch, English and French.