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  2. List of writing systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_writing_systems

    Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name. Other informative or qualifying ...

  3. Written language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Written_language

    For example, notation systems for signed languages like SignWriting been developed, [38] but it is not universally agreed that these constitute a written form of the sign language in themselves. [39] Orthography comprises the rules and conventions for writing a given language, [40] including how its graphemes are understood to correspond with ...

  4. Transliteration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration

    Transliteration, which adapts written form without altering the pronunciation when spoken out, is opposed to letter transcription, which is a letter by letter conversion of one language into another writing system. Still, most systems of transliteration map the letters of the source script to letters pronounced similarly in the target script ...

  5. Cyrillization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillization

    Just as with various Romanization schemes, each Cyrillization system has its own set of rules, depending on: The source language or writing system (English, French, Arabic, Hindi, Kazakh in Latin alphabet, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), The destination language or writing system (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Kazakh in Cyrillic, etc.),

  6. List of exophonic writers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_exophonic_writers

    André Brink, (South African) English-Afrikaans novelist; Joseph Brodsky, Russian-American poet and essayist; Elias Canetti, Bulgarian born Sephardic writer, British citizen, writing in German; Paul Celan, Romanian born poet writing in Romanian and German; Chahan Chahnour, French-Armenian writer and poet; Eugen Chirovici, Romanian-British ...

  7. Writing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system

    Writing systems are most often categorized according to what units of language a system's graphemes correspond to. [30] At the most basic level, writing systems can be either phonographic ( lit. ' sound writing ' ) when graphemes represent units of sound in a language, or morphographic ('form writing') when graphemes represent units of meaning ...

  8. French orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography

    French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.

  9. Bulgarian phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_phonology

    Bulgarian *tj/*kti/*gti and *dj reflexes щ ([ʃt]) and жд ([ʒd]), which are exactly the same as in Old Church Slavonic, and the near-open articulation [æ] of the Yat vowel (ě), which is still widely preserved in a number of Bulgarian dialects in the Rhodopes, Pirin Macedonia (Razlog dialect) and northeastern Bulgaria (Shumen dialect), etc ...