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Romanian is a Romance language, belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, having much in common with languages such as Italian, Spanish, French and Portuguese. [ 87 ] Compared with the other Romance languages, the closest relative of Romanian is Italian. [ 87 ]
Geographical distribution of the four Eastern Romance languages in the early-20th-century. Romanian is a Romance language with about 25 million native speakers. [2] It is the official language of Romania and Moldova and has a co-official status in Vojvodina (in Serbia). [2] Ethnic Romanians also live in Ukraine [2] and Hungary. [3]
Little is known of the substratum language but it is generally assumed to be an Indo-European language related to Albanian. [13] Some linguists like Kim Schulte and Grigore Brâncuș use the phrase "Thraco-Dacian" for the substratum of Romanian, [13] while others like Herbert J. Izzo and Vékony argue that the Eastern Romance languages developed on an Illyrian substrate. [14]
Slavic loanwords make up more than 10% of the Romanian terms related to speech and language, to basic actions and technology, to time, to the physical world, to possession and to motion. [26] Some loanwords were used to name new objects or concepts. [27]
The Romance language most widely spoken natively today is Spanish, followed by Portuguese, French, Italian and Romanian, which together cover a vast territory in Europe and beyond, and work as official and national languages in dozens of countries. [12] Romance Languages Across The World Geographical distribution of the major Romance languages
In 2009, Kim Schulte likewise argued that "Romanian is a language with a hybrid vocabulary". [66] The proportion of loanwords in Romanian is indeed higher than in other Romance languages. [67] Its certain structural features—such as the construction of the future tense—also distinguish Romanian from other Romance languages. [67]
Standard Romanian (i.e. the Daco-Romanian language within Eastern Romance) shares largely the same grammar and most of the vocabulary and phonological processes with the other three surviving varieties of Eastern Romance, namely Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian. As a Romance language, Romanian shares many characteristics with its ...
Romance languages have a number of shared features across all languages: Romance languages are moderately inflecting, i.e. there is a moderately complex system of affixes (primarily suffixes) that are attached to word roots to convey grammatical information such as number, gender, person, tense, etc. Verbs have much more inflection than nouns.