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African Americans have been the victims of oppression, discrimination and persecution throughout American history, with an impact on African-American innovation according to a 2014 study by economist Lisa D. Cook, which linked violence towards African Americans and lack of legal protections over the period from 1870 to 1940 with lowered innovation. [1]
Thomas L. Jennings (c. 1791 – February 12, 1859) was an African-American inventor, tradesman, entrepreneur, and abolitionist in New York City, New York.He has the distinction of being the first African-American patent-holder in history; he was granted the patent in 1821 for his novel method of dry cleaning. [1]
Sarah E. Goode was the fourth African American woman known to have received a US patent. The first and second were Martha Jones of Amelia County, Virginia, for her 1868 corn-husker upgrade [ 23 ] and Mary Jones De Leon of Baltimore, Maryland, for her 1873 cooking apparatus.
Thomas Elkins (1818 – August 10, 1900) [1] was an African-American dentist, abolitionist, surgeon, pharmacist, and inventor. He lived in Albany, New York, for most of his life, but travelled during his service as the medical examiner of the 54th and 55th Massachusetts infantries and visited Liberia. Notable inventions include patented ...
Little has been recorded about Eglin's early life, which was a common theme among many early Black women inventors. Ellen F. Eglin was born in the state of Maryland in February 1836, according to the 1880 census. At some time, she and her family moved to Washington, D.C., where Eglin made her living as a housekeeper and a government employee ...
Joseph Richard Winters (August 29, 1824 [1] – November 29, 1916) was an African-American abolitionist and inventor who, on May 7, 1878, received U.S. Patent number 203,517 for a wagon-mounted fire escape ladder. On April 8, 1879, he received U.S. Patent number 214,224 for an improvement on the ladder.
Elijah J. McCoy (May 2, 1844 [A] – October 10, 1929) was a Canadian-American engineer of African-American descent who invented lubrication systems for steam engines. Born free on the Ontario shore of Lake Erie to parents who fled enslavement in Kentucky , he traveled to the United States as a young child when his family returned in 1847 ...
In 1944, Jones became the first African-American to become a member of the American Society of Refrigeration Engineers. [7] 1953 Merit Award, Phyllis Wheatley Auxiliary, "for outstanding achievements which serve as an inspiration to youth." [22] In 1977, he was posthumously inducted into the Minnesota Inventors Hall of Fame. [11]