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Figure 2: Weight (W), the frictional force (F r), and the normal force (F n) acting on a block.Weight is the product of mass (m) and the acceleration of gravity (g).In the case of an object resting upon a flat table (unlike on an incline as in Figures 1 and 2), the normal force on the object is equal but in opposite direction to the gravitational force applied on the object (or the weight of ...
Normal contact mechanics or frictionless contact mechanics focuses on normal stresses caused by applied normal forces and by the adhesion present on surfaces in close contact, even if they are clean and dry. Frictional contact mechanics emphasizes the effect of friction forces. Contact mechanics is part of mechanical engineering.
The maximum possible friction force between two surfaces before sliding begins is the product of the coefficient of static friction and the normal force: =. When there is no sliding occurring, the friction force can have any value from zero up to F max {\displaystyle F_{\text{max}}} .
For example, a free body diagram of a block sitting upon an inclined plane can illustrate the combination of gravitational force, "normal" force, friction, and string tension. [note 4] Newton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body accelerating.
An online calculator is available on www.tribonet.org that allows calculating Stribeck curve for line [16] and point [17] contacts. These tools are based on the load-sharing concept. Also molecular simulation based on classical force fields can be used for predicting the Stribeck curve. [18] Thereby, underlying molecular mechanisms can be ...
But if the normal stress in the contact interface induces the same tangential displacements in both contacting bodies, then there is no relative tangential displacement of the two surfaces. In that case, the normal and tangential contact problems are decoupled. If this is the case then the two bodies are called quasi-identical. This happens for ...
Judicious selection of a coordinate system can make defining the vectors simpler when writing the equations of motion or statics. The x direction may be chosen to point down the ramp in an inclined plane problem, for example. In that case the friction force only has an x component, and the normal force only has a y component.
Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction). It is the force which makes an ...