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A Laurent series is a generalization of the Taylor series, allowing terms with negative exponents; it takes the form = and converges in an annulus. [6] In particular, a Laurent series can be used to examine the behavior of a complex function near a singularity by considering the series expansion on an annulus centered at the singularity.
The Taylor series of any polynomial is the polynomial itself.. The Maclaurin series of 1 / 1 − x is the geometric series + + + +. So, by substituting x for 1 − x, the Taylor series of 1 / x at a = 1 is
The most direct method is to truncate the Maclaurin series for each of the trigonometric functions. Depending on the order of the approximation , cos θ {\displaystyle \textstyle \cos \theta } is approximated as either 1 {\displaystyle 1} or as 1 − 1 2 θ 2 {\textstyle 1-{\frac {1}{2}}\theta ^{2}} .
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
Equivalently, a sectrix of Maclaurin can be defined as a curve whose equation in biangular coordinates is linear. The name is derived from the trisectrix of Maclaurin (named for Colin Maclaurin ), which is a prominent member of the family, and their sectrix property, which means they can be used to divide an angle into a given number of equal ...
In mathematics, a series is, roughly speaking, an addition of infinitely many terms, one after the other. [1] The study of series is a major part of calculus and its generalization, mathematical analysis. Series are used in most areas of mathematics, even for studying finite structures in combinatorics through generating functions.
Maclaurin attributed the series to Brook Taylor, though the series was known before to Newton and Gregory, and in special cases to Madhava of Sangamagrama in fourteenth century India. [6] Nevertheless, Maclaurin received credit for his use of the series, and the Taylor series expanded around 0 is sometimes known as the Maclaurin series. [7]
In recent literature the arctangent series is sometimes called the Mādhava–Gregory series to recognize Mādhava's priority (see also Mādhava series). [ 3 ] The special case of the arctangent of 1 {\displaystyle 1} is traditionally called the Leibniz formula for π , or recently sometimes the Mādhava–Leibniz formula :