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Any antiretroviral drug: Black tar heroin: Whoonga, Nyaope [8] Widespread use in South Africa. Whoonga is classically reputed to be a combination of heroin with antiretroviral drugs such as ritonavir and/or efavirenz, often combined with additional drugs such as cannabis or hashish, methamphetamine and/or methaqualone: Any deliriant or diphen ...
Additive effect often occurs when two similar drugs are taken together to achieve the same degree of therapeutic effect while reducing the specific adverse effect of one particular drug. For example, aspirin, paracetamol, and caffeine are formulated together to treat pain caused by tension headaches and migraine.
A popular example of drug–food interaction is the effect of grapefruit on the metabolism of drugs. Interactions may occur by simultaneous targeting of receptors, directly or indirectly. For example, both Zolpidem and alcohol affect GABA A receptors, and their simultaneous consumption results in the overstimulation of the receptor, which can ...
A puff of this, and the world transforms into a colorful kaleidoscope of dancing patterns and waves of sound; a sip of that, and the muscles in your body relax like jello. We know different drugs ...
Caffeine is believed by many to cause paradoxical calmness or sedation in individuals with ADHD. [20] There is insufficient evidence to determine if sedation caused by caffeine is due to a true paradoxical reaction, or rather from dehydration and sleep deprivation caused by the caffeine. [21]
Another example is Bex, a once popular Australian compound analgesic which is no longer sold. It contained 42% aspirin, 42% phenacetin, plus caffeine. [2] The United States Food and Drug Administration also now requires that manufacturers of compound analgesics unequivocally state each ingredient's purpose. [citation needed]
Ergotamine/caffeine, sold under the brand name Cafergot among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of migraine. It contains ergotamine , as the tartrate, an alpha adrenergic blocking agent; and caffeine , a cranial vasoconstrictor.
Caffeine and theophylline (found in coffee and tea, respectively) are examples of well-known xanthines, which act as nonselective A 2A antagonists. Both substances act as stimulants, and these properties can be associated with their blockade of the adenosine A 2A receptor - for which they have an affinity in the micromolar range.