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Since the Pakistan inception, lunacy act was being used . It was not until 1992 that efforts to improve it started . It was through a Presidential order that Mental Health Ordinance 2001 were introduced at an conference at Islamabad. It was hosted by Prof Mubasshar Hussain Malik. [25] 2002. The European Brain Council was founded in Brussels.
In 1859, Agra asylum was also founded by British Government. The Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Agra was established in September 1859, and renamed to Mental Hospital Agra in 1925. Previously it was managed under the provisions of Indian Lunacy Act, 1912. Nowadays it is managed under the provisions of Mental Healthcare Act 2017.
The Prisons Act, 1894; The Prisoners' Act, 1900; Lunacy Act, 1912; The Punjab Borstal Act, 1926; Good Conduct Prisoners Probation Release Act, 1926; Punjab Employees Efficiency, Discipline and Accountability Act, (PEEDA) 2006; Rules and Regulations (1818 to 2010) Regulation III of 1818 (A Regulation for the Confinement of State Prisoners)
The first law to govern mental health in India was the Indian Lunacy Act 1912, [33] which itself drew heavily from the English Lunatics Act 1845. [34] The Indian Psychiatric Society suggested a draft in 1950, however it was only given assent by the President in May 1987, and implemented in 1993 as the Mental Health Act 1987.
The focus of the act was more on detention than on treatment and with advances in treatment, especially the introduction of psychotropic medication, updated legislation was needed but it was not until 2001 that the Lunacy Act of 1912 was replaced by the Mental Health Ordinance of 2001. [41]
The Lunacy Act 1845 was an important landmark in the treatment of the mentally ill, as it explicitly changed the status of mentally ill people to patients who required treatment. The Act created the Lunacy Commission , headed by Lord Shaftesbury , to focus on lunacy legislation reform. [ 33 ]
In India, the Mental Health Act was passed on 22 May 1987. The law was described in its opening paragraph as "An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the treatment and care of mentally ill persons, to make better provision with respect to their property and affairs and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto."
Notable amongst these was Bethlem Hospital, which, as a charitable institution, had been exempt from inspection under the 1845 Lunacy Act. The help of the Society was enlisted by patients and they persuaded the home secretary to allow the Commissioners in Lunacy to inspect the asylum. The Commissioner's critical report in 1852 led to reforms. [20]